MarvinSketch provides several predefined chemical structures, called templates or structure templates. They are categorized into template groups, like Amino Acids, Polycyclics e.t.c. The following template groups are available in MarvinSketch by default. MarvinSketch Downloads. Download the Marvin Suite packages from here. New additions to the Marvin download page feature seamless integration into Debian and Red Hat package management. Systems from July 2019. Find the new tabs on our download page for detailed descriptions. We have also added a tab for those who want to create their own. MarvinSketch: atom color control. User c3397108ba. Dear support, Could you help me control the atom colors in MarvinSketch? I am trying to use. As clearly indicated by the MarvinSketch structures, D-mannose and D-galactose have the same structural formula and holistic arrangement yet differ in stereochemistry at which carbons? A) D-mannose and D-galactose differ at C2 and C4, with the respective configurations of (2R) and (4R) in D-mannose and (2S) and (4S) in D.

Create New Molecule

MarvinSketch The Marvin Suite is a free software package produced by ChemAxon. Its primary uses are drawing chemical diagrams with MarvinSketch, visualizing 2D and 3D structures with MarvinView and MarvinSpace (respectively), and converting structure files with the utility MolConverter.

A new, blank molecule is created when you first launch MarvinSketch. Youcan immediately begin working with this molecule. A MarvinSketch window canhold only one molecule at a time, so all work you do within thecanvas is considered part of the same molecule. You can create a new,blank molecule at any time during your session by choosing from the menu bar. Thiswill clear the desk and discard any unsaved changes to the molecule you werepreviously working with (but you can get it back using the Undo option).

The application allows you to work withmultiple molecules in multiple windows by choosing .

Open an Existing Molecule File

You can open existing molecule files(from supported file formats) bychoosing on the menu bar.It will load the content of the molecule file into Marvin and discard anyunsaved changes.

Tick the Show preview checkbox to see the contents of the file (molecules,reactions, queries). A single item is displayed in the preview window,the text field at the bottom shows the index of the current structureand the number of structures in the file. When a multiple structure file is selected(e.g. sdf), the navigation buttons become active. Their functions are: go to first, go to previous, go to next, go to last. Note, that this is not the selection which structureto open, it allows you only to check whether this is the file you would like to open.

You can also existing structures from other windows to the open molecule, as well as Drag&Drop a molecule file into the Marvin window. Both actions will add the new structure to the currently open molecule without overwriting the content of the canvas.

Pasting pictures with the help of OSRA is also possible (since version 5.3.0), please consult this page for details.

Save Molecule

Save Molecule File

You can save the molecule to any of the supported file formats.This will allow you to open and work with this molecule later. Thedefault behavior of the button is to save the molecule to the same file it was opened from,in the same format. If you want to change the file name or format,choose .If you are working with a new molecule, will function the same as .

Save As Image

The choicein the menu allows you to save an image of themolecule in the sketcher. Marvin supports the following imageformats: JPEG, PNG, PPM, POVRay, and SVG. Please note that the saved imagecannot be edited in Marvin.

Print

You can print an image of the current molecule by choosing. If you print from a single pagedocument, if the size of your molecule(s) is bigger then the paper size, it willbe shrunken to one page.

If you want to print your molecule(s) to multiplepages, you have to change the document type to Multipage Document in, and arrange thestructures on the pages.

How to Work with Multipage Molecular Document

How to create a multipage molecular document

Multipage molecular documents help to work with large drawings by dividing them into pages.You can create a multipage molecular document by choosing , then checking in the checkbox.
You can set the number of horizontal and vertical pages in the part, and you can also define the title,the page size and the margins in the corresponding sections of this dialog window.After pushing the OK button, the following controls become automatically available:

• The items in the menu are enabled
• A navigation status bar appears on the bottom of the window
• The frame of the pages appear on the canvas, while the title, the margins and the page numbers are displayed on each page

How to navigate in multipage molecular documents

The navigation status bar and the items in the menu areavailable only if the checkbox is set.The status bar contains information aboutthe current page number in a text field and the number of all pages on a label.It also contains a collection of buttons to aid your quick navigation in the document. You can go the first, previous, next, and last pageusing them. Alternatively, you can go directly to a specific pageby entering a number in the current page field and pressing enter.

All the navigation possibilities: go to first, previous, next, last, specificpages are available from the menu aswell. In addition, some automatic page zooming functions are also available in this menu, such as:

• adjusts theheight of the current page to the height of the canvas.
• adjusts thewidth of the current page to the width of the canvas.
• adjusts the heightand/or the width of the current page to see the whole page, and places itcentralized within the canvas.

How to Draw Structures

You can create structures using atoms, bonds, and templates.

Atoms

1. Select an atom from the Atoms Toolbar, the Periodic Table dialog window, or by shortcut.
2. Move the mouse into the molecule canvas. You will see the symbol of the selected item at the tip of your cursor. It can be placed in the molecule by left-clicking on the desired location.
   • Marvin is chemically intelligent. It will account for implicit hydrogens and set the charge according to valence rules.
   In case of metals, the following rules apply: metallic elements from the 1st and 14-16th groups are added hydrogens, other appear as simple elements as default.
3. You can replace any atom in the molecule by placing a new atom on top of it.

Bonds

1. Select a bond type using the toolbar button or by shortcut.
2. To link two existing atoms, click on one then drag the cursor to the other.
   • Marvin will allow you to draw a bond between any two atoms in the molecule. Valence errors will be highlighted (if that option is enabled).
3. To draw a bond from a single atom, simply click the atom. A carbon atom will be added at the other end of the bond.
4. If you add a bond to empty canvas space, a carbon atom will be added to each end of the bond.
5. You can replace any bond in the molecule by placing a new bond type on top of it.
6. Bond types can also be changed using the Bond pop-up menu. Single bonds can be changed to Double or Triple by left-clicking on them.
7. Bold Tool, , is intended to be used for graphical presentations of molecules. Activate the tool, click on a bond and it will be changed to bold. In case of single, double, or aromatic bond the tool keeps the type of the bond during multiple clicking. In case of aromatic bond, Bold Tool has four positions: bold single, bold aromatic up, reversed bold aromatic up, and single. Note: your mouse must point to the same position of the bond. In case of other bond types (e.g., triple, wedges) multiple clicking has a different result; it does not retain the original bond type, but undoing the action does. Bold Tool is located in the Bond Menu, Tools toolbar, and bond PopUp menu by default.
Example
8. You can make the selected bond hashed: Choose the icon from the 'Tools' toolbar or the Bond >Hashed menu. It only retains single original bond type.

Chains

You can draw carbon chains easily selecting the Insert > Chain menu or clicking on the 'Draw Chain' () icon of the 'Tools' toolbar. For curved chains click on the icon. The direction of the chain growth follows the mouse path. The number of carbon atoms can be increased or decreased by dragging the mouse. The chain drawing direction is mirrored based on the direction of the mouse movements.

Templates

MarvinSketch provides several predefined chemical structures,called templates or structure templates (e.g., cyclopenthane, cyclohexane, benzene).They are categorized to template groups like Amino Acids, Polycyclics, etc.
The following template groups are available in MarvinSketch by default:

• Generic
• Rings
• Amino Acids
• Aromatics
• Bicyclics
• Bridged Polycyclics
• Crown Ethers
• Cycloalkanes
• Heterocycles
• Polycyclics
• Homology Groups
• Alpha D sugars
• Beta D sugars
• Deoxynucleosides
• Flavonoids
• Nucleobases
• Nucleosides
• Protoalkaloids
• True Alkaloids
• Vitamins
• My Templates

The templates can be accessed via the Advanced Templates Toolbaror through the Insert > Template Library menu.

Steps of drawing with templates:

1. Select a template using the Template Library or the Advanced Templates Toolbar area.
2. In case the template structure contains any S-groups, the group(s) can be optionally expanded or contracted by pressing the Shift button.
3. Place the template structure by left-clicking on the desired location.

New substituent (fragment) editing

In some cases, you will find it difficult to add new fragments to your molecule file, for example if you already have structures cleaned in 3D. To add a new fragment to the canvas, follow these steps:

1. Choose the New substituent from the Insert menu.
2. Draw the structure in the new canvas. If you would like to transfer and match it to your original 3D molecule, do a 3D clean on the new fragment (Structure/Clean 3D).
3. Click the Transfer button in the top left corner to return to the original canvas and place the new fragment.

Sprouting

Atom sprouting:

1. Click an atom symbol on the toolbar or periodic system.
2. Place the cursor over the atom where you would like to add the atom.
3. Press the Shift key on the keyboard then click the atom. The new atom will be attached to that atom.

Template sprouting: you can add the template connected by a bond formed between the selected non-primary atom and the attachment point of the template. This way adding a substituent will only replace a hydrogen atom on the selected atom, not the atom itself. This feature is limited to the use of symmetrical templates where attaching the template has only one possibility (e.g. as for phenyl).

1. Select a template from the toolbar or the template library
2. Move the cursor to the canvas and hover over an atom, a grey colored image will show you the position of the template.
3. Click the atom to place the template.

To change the connection type (no sprouting):

1. Select a template from the toolbar or the template library.
2. Move the cursor to the canvas and hover over an atom.
3. Press the Shift key and while holding it down, click the atom.

In both cases, you can changethe bond angle by rotating the template: holding down the left mouse button,move the mouse to rotate the molecule, and release it when desired position is reached.

Adding a cyclohexane template to a secondary carbon atom:

Adding a cyclohexane template to a secondary carbon atom while holding down the Shift key:

Notes:

1. Abbreviated groups will be extended when holding down the Shift key, its attachment is not affected in terms of sprouting.
2. The grey outlined template will not be shown if the creation of a new bond would lead to the valence error of the atom but will be added if you click the atom.

Merging structures

If you would like to form a new structure by combining two already drawn molecules, you have the possibility to merge them in few steps. This starts with defining the merging points in both the template and the substituent molecules (1, 2 or 3 pairs of them). The template molecule' coordinates are not changed, only the substituent is resized, rotated (in three dimensions) and moved to fit the template.

1. Select Assign Atoms from the Structure menu, Directed Merge submenu.
2. Click and drag the arrow from the atom of the substituent to the template molecule. The arrow will be numbered.
3. Repeat the assigning (the Assign Atoms action is still active, no need to re-select the command) once ore twice to define more merging points.
4. Merge the molecules by selecting the Merge command from the Structure menu, Directed Merge submenu.
5. In case of assigning 1 or 2 atom pairs, the subsituent is selected after the merge and the Rotate in 3D mode is active, and you can rotate the substituent around an axis:
   1 atompair
   • In case of one bond, this bond is the axis;
   • In case two bonds, the axis is the bisector of the angle of these bonds;
   • In case of 3 bonds have to choose the x,y, or z axis, or define the axis by selecting two atoms.
   2 atompairs
   • The rotation axis is defined by the two connection points of the template and the substituent. Now the user can rotate the substituent, and if any atom pairs fall in the merging range after the 3D rotation, they will be merged.

   After the 3D rotation, any atom pair that falls in the merging range are merged. If this second merge happens only on one atom pair, the substituent remains selected, and is subject to a second 3D rotation action, where the rotation axis is defined by the original and the new connection points. Now rotate the substituent around this new axis, and again, if any atom pairs fall in the merging range after the 3D rotation, they will be merged.

   Note: pressing the Shift key on your keyboard offers an alternative rotation axis

6. To finish merging, click anywhere on the blank canvas.

Examples

Assigned atoms	Selected for rotation	Merge product
1 atom pair
2 atom pairs
3 atom pairs

Coordination compounds

You can use coordinate bond to represent coordination compounds (ferrocenes, metallocenes).For example:
The coordinate bond type can represent the connection between an atom and a group of atoms.The coordinate bond has two kinds of appearance according to IUPAC recommendation:

• arrow between two atoms,
• dashed line between an atom and a group of atoms.

In the Edit >Preferences >Bonds menu item you can change the default line type of coordinate bonds to solid.To draw a bond between two atoms just choose the coordinate bond fromthe bond list and draw the bond by specifying the required direction. To draw abond between an atom and a group of atoms you need to createa multi-center attachment point to represent the group of atoms.

To draw a coordinate bond between an atom and a group of atoms

1. Select the atoms to be represented at one end of the coordinate bond by a multi-center.
2. Choose 'Structure/Add/Multi-center' from the main menu or 'Add/Multi-center' from the contextual menu. A multi-center represented by a '*' will be added. If you move the cursor to the multi-center the represented atoms are highlighted (blue circle around the atom labels).
3. Draw a coordinate bond from the multi-center and edit the other end of the bond if required. The '*' representing the multi-center disappears after bond drawing.
4. Repeat steps 2-4 to draw further multi-centers and coordinate bonds if required.

Markush structures

A Markush structure is a description of compound classes by generic notations.They are often used for patent claims and for combinatorial libraries.Link R-groups, link nodes, atom lists, position variation and repeating units with repetition ranges are commonly used features in the representation of Markush structures.

Position variation (Variable point of attachment)

You can create a variable point of attachment to represent a variable connection point to a group of atoms.The representation is similar to the above mentioned multi-center bonds.For example:
The alternative attachment points are displayed with grey shadow.If you move the cursor to the center (the bond ending in the ring) the represented atoms arehighlighted (blue circle around the atom labels).

To draw a position variation

1. Draw the structure that will include the position variation.
2. Select the alternative connection point atoms.
3. Choose 'Structure/Add/Multi-center' from the main menu or 'Add/Multi-center' from the contextual menu. A multi-center represented by a '*' will be added. If you move the cursor to the multi-center the represented atoms are highlighted (blue circle around the atom labels).
4. Draw a bond from the center and edit the bond if required. The represented atoms are displayed with grey shadow after this step. The '*' representing the multi-center disappears after bond drawing.
5. Repeat step 2-4 to draw further variable points if required.

Frequency variation (repeating unit with repetition ranges)

A sequence of ranges to specify the repetition can also be used in a special group called repeating unit with repetition ranges. For example:
Here the repetition range is '3,5-7'. The repetition count for the included structure(enclosed by the brackets) can be: 3,5,6 or 7.See Repeating units with repetition rangesfor further information on drawing this feature.

Homology groups in a Markush structure

The simplest way is to insert homology groups from the Periodic system's Advanced tab.

1. Open the Periodic System (toolbar or from the View menu), choose the Advanced tab.
2. In the Special nodes section, choose the homology group from the dropdown list.
3. The homology group stays at the mouse pointer, you can click the atom(s) on the canvas. You don't need to close the Periodic System to continue drawing.

Editing the homology group properties in MarvinSketch

Select the homology group and right-click. Choose Edit Properties... Set the group properties in the dialog box.

Here is an example of the property dialog window for a cycloalkyl group:

By default, the atom and homology group properties are not shown. You can switch it on by checking the View > Misc > Atom Properties menu.

Flip a molecule

You might need to flip the whole or parts of the structures. These operationsare located in the Edit > Transformation menu. If no selection is made, the operationwill be executed on the whole structure (except for Group Flip). The flip operation is equal to a rotation of 180° around a horizontal or vertical axis in the plane of the drawing. All flips result in stereocenter retention.

Horizontal flip (around y axis)

Vertical flip (around x axis)

Rotate 180° (in canvas plane, around z axis)

Horizontal Flip, Vertical Flip, Rotate 180°

Flip a selection:

1. Select part of the structure.
2. Right-click on the structure or go to Edit > Transformation menu.
3. Click on the command.

Flip the whole structure without selection:

1. Go to the Edit > Transformation menu.
2. Click on the command.

Note: If no structure is selected, the right-click on the canvas will not offer the flip command.

Group Flip

The Group Flip operation can be executed only on a selected structure connected to the rest of the molecule by only one bond (of any type): the selection can not be in the 'middle' of a molecule. The selection is not permitted for disjunctive structures either. The Group Flip operation rotates the selected group by 180° around an axis set on the bond connecting the selection to the rest of the molecule. Stereocenters in the molecules are retained, the wedge bond styles change to keep the stereo information.

Group flip

1. Select part of the molecule.
2. Right-click on the canvas and select Transformation > Group Flip; or go to the Edit > Transformation menu.
3. Select Flip > Group.

Mirror a molecule

Apart from flipping Marvin is able to produce mirror images of the molecules or parts of.These operations can be found in the Edit > Transformation menu. If no selectionis made, the operation will be executed on all the structures present in the canvas. Stereocenters will be inversed. Mirroring horizontally means that the theoretical mirror is horizontal and placed perpendicular to the canvas (left-to-right mirroring); the verticalmirroring means the mirror is vertical and perpendicular to the canvas (upside-down mirroring).

Horizontal mirroring ( to xz plane)

Vertical mirroring (to yz plane)

Mirroring to canvas plane (to xy plane)

Mirror a selection:

1. Select part the molecule.
2. Right-click on the canvas or go to the Edit > Transformation menu.
3. Click the command.

Mirror the whole structure without selection:

1. Go to the Edit > Transformation menu.
2. Click on the command.

Group Mirror

In case of only one connecting bond between the selected and unselected parts of the structure, the Group mirror command is available. The group is mirrored to the plane perpendicular to the plane defined by the two atoms of the above mentioned connecting bond plus a neighboring atom (in the group) that is not collinear with the connecting bond.

Central inversion of a molecule

This feature mirrors all compounds on the canvas or selected fragments in 3D to a selected inversion center. The chirality is changed, all R is inversed to S, and vica versa.

The inversion center is the geometric center of the selected atoms: if there are more than one selected fragment, thenall fragments are inversed separately to their geometric center.

The inversion center is a selected atom: all fragments are mirrored to the selected atom.

Reactions

How to Draw Reactions

You can place a reaction arrow on the canvas at any time, even ona blank canvas. Only one reaction is allowed per molecule.

1. Select the button. You will see the reaction arrow on the tip of the cursor when you move the mouse into the canvas area.
2. Click the location of the tail of the arrow.
3. Drag the mouse and release at the location of the head.

Once you have placed a reaction arrowon the canvas, MarvinSketch considers each part of the molecule inrelation to the reaction.All parts of the molecule that are before the arrow are considered reactants.Every molecule after the arrow is a product, and the ones placed along thearrow are considered agents. You can align and/or distribute the objects of the reaction scheme by selecting the relevant option in Edit > Object menu. The centers of the objects will be considered during the alignment/distribution of objects. Note Selected agent fragments and texts are moved together with the arrow while keeping the distance between them.

How to Map Reactions

The arrow tool provides the easiest manual way to map corresponding reactant and product atoms. Select the arrow tool, hold down the left mouse button on a reactant atom, and drag it to the corresponding product atom. The same mapnumber is added to both atoms marking, that they represent the same atom on thetwo sides of the reaction scheme. There are also keyboard shortcuts formapping. Type m8, for example, and click on an atom. Atom map 8 is assigned tothat atom.

Marvin contains an automapper tool as well (available asStructure > Reaction > Map Atoms) assigning map numbers to all selected atoms ofa reaction automatically.

Map numbers of the selected atoms can be removed by theStructure > Reaction > Unmap Atoms menu item, or by typing m0 for the selectedatoms.

How to Draw Electron Flow Arrow

Electron flow arrow shows the actual direction of motion of the electrons. It can point from an atom or bond to an other atom or bond or even an incipient bond (formed after the electron transition).

1. Select the arrow type (single electron flow or electron pair flow). (Menu: Insert >Electron Flow)
2. Move the cursor onto a bond or an atom of the structure on the canvas, right-click on it. (It will be the source of the electron flow.)
3. Select the destination: move the mouse to the destination and click on it.

See detailes of handling and displaying endpoints here.

How to Draw R-group queries

An R-group query describes a set of derivatives in one query structure (substitutionvariation). It can be drawn the following way: Firstdraw the root structure and place some R atoms either from the Periodic System dialog window,from the popup menu or by typing a corresponding label such as 'R1' on thekeyboard.Then draw the variable R-group ligands and select those substituting the R1 atom.If you type 'R1' now, the selected groups will be marked with 'R1'. AdditionalR-group conditions (Occurrence, RestH, If-then) can be set in the R-logic dialogwindow available from the Structure > Attributes menu.

To draw the attachment points for the R-definitions, you can use menu'Atom > R-group Attachment' from the menu (or R-group Attachment from the popup menu), or alternatively,when you draw the R-definitions and the mouse cursor still shows 'R1',clicking on an atom of the definition will toggle the attachment point on thatatom. (Please note that divalent R-groups must have two attachment pointsdefined.)

Step by step example

1. Draw the root structure first.
   
2. Move the cursor to the atom where you would like to place the R-group.(In this example, we place R-groups in place of the terminal carbon atoms.)When the atom is highlighted (blue circle around the atom label), type theshortcut of the required R-group ID (e.g. R1). Alternative solution isselecting the ID from R-group sub-menu of the popup menu by pressing rightmouse button over the atom.
   
3. Draw an alternative ligand with an R-group connection: Move the cursor to an empty place on the canvas (take care that nothing is selected) then pressthe shortcut of the next R-group (R2). The 'in hand' object changes to the ID of the R-group (R2). (In this example, we add a ligand to terminal oxygen atom.)Click the terminal oxygen, then drag the mouse. You willsee that the new bond is displayed and its orientation follows the cursor.Release the mouse button when the bond stands in the right direction.
   
4. Draw new fragments to the canvas (separately from the root structure), whichwill be the R-group definitions. (In this example, we draw the fragments forthe first R-group definition to the right side and the second R-group definition will be placed below the root structure.)
   
5. Next, define the R-group definitions. To do this, select those fragmentsthat the first R-group should contain (on the right side).After the selection, press the shortcut of the R-group ID (R1). The ID and equal sign (R1=) will display beside the selected set and the 'in hand' objectwill be the R-group ID.
6. Define attachment point to R-group members: Click the left mouse button onatoms where you would like place the attachment points.Repeat this operation on the other definitions of the R-group.(In this example, at the third definition, we select the left oxygen atomfor attachment.) Alternatively, you can define R-group attachment pointsvia the popup menu (by selecting R-group Attachment option on an atom of an R-group definition).
   
7. Create the second R-group by repeating the last two steps on the two remaining fragments.
   
8. In case of one attachment point, the connections are not numbered, only marked by a wavy line on the substituent side.
   In case of more than 1 attachment point, the connections are marked by numbers on the scaffold. Connection points on the substituents are marked with a wavy line, andthe order is indicated by numbers (except for the 1st).
   If two R-groups are connected by a bond, the ligand order may be changed simply by the Bond > Ligand order command. Simply select the bond in question and select the combination in the menu (also available upon mouseover in the context menu).
   
9. You can define additional conditions, such as occurrence, rest H and if-thenexpressions to R-groups in the R-logic dialog window. To do this,select menu option Structure > Attributes > R-logic.After setting the conditions in the R-logic dialog window, press theOK button to apply the changes. R-logic can be visualized by switching on the Display > Misc > R-logic option.
   

You can create a group easily from a structure. There are two possibilities:

• Select the molecule or part of the molecule. Click the Create Group button in the toolbar and edit the group properties in the dialog window.
• Click the Create Group button in the toolbar then select parts of the group. Upon releasing the mouse button, the Group dialog pops up.

Command shortcut: Ctrl-G

Edit groups: (since version 5.3) right-click on the group, select Edit group from the contextual menu and the group dialog opens.
Alternatively, select the group atoms and select Edit Group from the structure menu, Group submenu.

Group types: In the dropdown list of the group type only those types are allowed which are enabled for the actual selection in the molecule (to enable all types: go to Edit > Preferences > Structure tab and uncheck the 'Validate S-groups at creation' box.)
Enabling/disabling a group type depends on:

• The number of crossing bonds it would have.
• The embedding of groups into each other: several conditions are checked here for the group to be created
  • whether it can be embedded into the groups which would contain it,
    e.g. polymer S-groups can not be embedded into multiple S-groups
  • whether it can embed all the groups which would be contained by it,
    e.g. structural repeating unit S-groups (SRU) can not embed monomers
  • whether it can be embedded directly into the group which would be its direct embedder,
    e.g. component S-groups can be directly embedded only into ordered or unordered mixtures
  • whether it can directly embed the groups which would be embedded by it directly,
    e.g. mixtures can directly embed only components.
• Expandable S-groups are not allowed to be embedded into each other.

Since those group types which are allowed only for whole fragments (mixtures, components and monomers) are always extended to whole fragments, thus these types are allowed even if only fragment parts where selected, if they are correct when extended to the whole fragment.
Extension to whole fragment is not allowed if the group type is changed by editing an existing group: in this case mixtures (etc.) are not allowed for fragment parts.

Abbreviated (superatom) groups

Abbreviated groups are used to represent a part of a structure with a text abbreviation.

• Insert an abbreviated group into your sketch: type the name of the abbreviation, to complete a longer name, press ENTER or END after typing the first few characters. If the cursor was placed over an atom, it will be automatically changed to the abbreviated group. If no atom was selected, the abbreviation is placed on the cursor. Click on the canvas to place it. If you would like to ungroup an S-group before placing it to the canvas, press the SHIFT button before you release the mouse on the desired location.
• Create an abbreviated group: Click the Create Group button in the toolbar then select parts of the group. Upon releasing the mouse button, the Group dialog window pops up (this dialog window may be opened from the Structure > Group submenu as well). Name the group in the dialog window.

You can retrieve the hidden structure from the text abbreviation with the 'Expand'function and hide the structure with the 'Contract' function.Manipulation with abbreviated groups is possible with 'Expand', 'Contract','Ungroup', and 'Remove' from the Group submenu.

A short animation about abbreviated groups: Expand and ungroup abbreviated groups.

Add the abbreviated group to the Templates

After creating the abbreviated group (see previous section), right-click the correspondingatom and click to add the attachment point marked by an asterisk. This way youdefine the connection point of thisgroup. Then select the group, right-click and press Add to My Templates. The templatecan be inserted by typing its name and clicking on the canvas.

Syntax of the abbreviated group name

Numbers are automatically subscripted unless 'n' is used or at the start of string.Charges (+, -, ++, --, 3+ etc.) are automatically superscripted at end of string or if the following character is a closing parenthesis.
Allowed control sequences in the abbreviated group name:

• s - subscript
• S - superscript
• n - normal mode.

Example: S13CH4

Multiple groups

Multiple groups are used to represent a repeating part in a structure with a shorterform. To create a multiple group, click the Group tool on the toolbar, then select the structure involved.Here you can specify a positive repeating count depending on how many times you want the structure to be repeated.You can retrieve the whole structure from the condensed form with the 'Expand'function and shorten the structure with the 'Contract' function.Manipulation with multiple groups is possible with 'Expand', 'Contract','Ungroup', 'Edit Group', and 'Remove' from the Group submenu.

Components, Unordered Mixtures and Ordered Mixtures

These features can be expressed by brackets (groups) of type component,unordered mixture (also called mixture) and ordered mixture (also called formulation).A component here is a set of atoms contained by a component bracket.

Ordered and unordered mixtures

An unordered mixture (denoted by 'mix' at the bottom of the right bracket)consists of several unordered components (denoted by 'c' at the bottom of the right bracket).For these types of mixtures, the order of addition during thepreparation is not important. Example:

Ordered mixtures, on the other hand contain orderedcomponents, which define the order of addition. Example:

To draw an unordered component

1. Draw the structures that form the mixture.
2. To define a structure as a component in a mixture, click the Group tool on the toolbar, then select the structure.
3. In the 'Create Group' dialog window choose 'Component (c)' from the 'Type' list.
4. The 'Order' field should be empty or should contain 'none'. If the 'Order' field already contains a number, just delete it (you can type in 'none' as well).
5. Click OK.

To draw an ordered component

1. Draw the structures that form the mixture.
2. To define a structure as a component in a mixture, click the Group tool on the toolbar, then select the structure.
3. In the 'Create Group' dialog window choose 'Component (c)' from the 'Type' list.
4. If this is the first component of the mixture, click the 'Order' field and enter '1' in place of 'none'. If the 'Order' field already contains a number Marvin will automatically increment the 'Order' field for subsequent components.
5. Click OK.

To draw a mixture

1. Create the components to form the mixture.
2. Click the Group tool on the toolbar, then select the structures.
3. In the 'Create Group' dialog window choose the type ('Ordered mixture(f)' or 'Unordered mixture(for)') from the 'Type' combobox.
4. Click OK.

To change the type of a mixture

1. Hover the mouse over the group.
2. Choose 'Edit Group' from the contextual menu (right mouse click on the selected mixture).
3. Change the type of the mixture.
4. Click OK.

To add a new component to a mixture

1. Draw the new component.
2. Drag one part of the bracket and move it to enclose the new component.

To delete a component from a mixture

1. Select the component.
2. Press the Delete button on your keyboard or select the Erase tool.

Polymers

The polymer structure consists of structural fragments. These fragments are enclosed by polymerbrackets. The meaning of a polymer bracket is that the fragment within the brackets canrepeat with itself. The fragment within the bracket is called repeating unit.Polymers can be represented as structure-based or source-based polymers depending on howmuch structural detail is known.

Source-based representation of polymers

You can use the monomer (mon) or mer (mer) repeating unit types to draw a polymer where only thesource-based representation is known. For example:

To draw a repeating unit, click the Group tool on the tooolbar, then select the atoms you want to be included.

Structure-based representation of polymers

You can use the structural repeating unit type (SRU) to draw a polymer where the structure-basedrepresentation is known.Each SRU S-group has two or more dedicated bonds, calledcrossing bonds, which cross the brackets. The crossing bonds of an SRU showhow the repeating units may connect in several ways to each other within the polymer.Depending on the number of crossingbonds and brackets we differentiate the following polymers and connectivities within the polymer:

• Polymers with two crossing bonds. If the polymer has one crossing bond on each bracket of the SRU there are three possibilities for the repeating pattern:
  • head-to-tail
  • head-to-head
  • either/unknown
• Ladder-Type Polymers. Polymers with paired brackets and with two crossing bonds on each bracket are called ladder-type polymers. Here it must be specified how the two crossing bonds on each bracket connect to the corresponding bonds of the adjoining repeating units. Additionally to the head-to-tail, head-to-head connectivity information there is flip information to specify whether the repeating unit flips around the polymer backbone when it connects to the adjoining SRU. These types of information are handled only in case of brackets with exactly two crossing bonds on both side (head and tail side). We differentiate the following polymer connectivities:
  • head-to-tail with no flip
  • head-to-tail with flip
  • head-to-head with no flip
  • head-to-head with flip
  • either/unknown
  
  
• Polymers with three or more brackets. If the polymer has three or more bonds with a separated bracket on each bond, the polymer always has the either/unknown repeating pattern.

The end groups of polymers are often unknown or unspecified which are represented by star atoms (*).The modified (mod), grafted (grf) and crosslinked (xl) form of a structural repeating unit can be drawn as well.

Copolymers

If the structure consists of more than one repeating unit (mon, mer) or structural repeating unit, Copolymer (co) brackets/groups can be used to represent the structure. Copolymers might contain crossing bonds andstar atoms.The following copolymers can be drawn:

• random(ran)
• alternating(alt)
• block with or without junction unit (blk)
• copolymer to represent modified polymers (mod)
• copolymer to represent grafted polymers (grf)
• copolymer to represent cross-linked polymers (xl)

For example:

To draw a simple polymer

1. Draw the structure that forms the polymer.
2. Click the Group tool on the toolbar, and select the structure. Leave out the atoms that should be replaced by '*' (star atoms).
3. In the 'Create Group' dialog window choose the appropriate type from the 'Type' list.
4. Set the polymer repeat pattern if necessary.
5. Click OK. The star atoms ('*') will be added automatically.

To draw a ladder-type polymer

1. Draw the structure that forms the polymer.
2. Click the Group tool on the toolbar, and select the structure. Leave out the atoms that should be replaced by '*' (star atoms).
3. In the 'Create Group' dialog window choose the 'SRU polymer' type from the 'Type' list.
4. Set the polymer repeat pattern if necessary.
5. Click OK. The star atoms ('*') will be added automatically.
6. To create a bracket that crosses two bonds select the two brackets each crossing a bond and click Merge Brackets in the contextual menu.

To draw a copolymer

1. Create the components to form the copolymer.
2. Click the Group tool on the toolbar then select the components to be included.
3. In the 'Create Group' dialog window choose the type ('Copolymer (co)', 'Copolymer, alternating (alt)', 'Copolymer, block (blk)' or 'Copolymer, statistical (stat)') from the 'Type' list.
4. Click OK.

To change the type of a polymer

1. Hover the mouse over the group.
2. Choose 'Edit Group' from the contextual menu (right mouse click on the selected mixture).
3. Change the type of the polymer.
4. Click OK.

To add a new subpolymer to a copolymer

1. Draw the subpolymer to add outside of the bracket.
2. Drag one part of the bracket to include the new subpolymer. The new molecule should be marked with blue circles when you hover the mouse cursor over it.

To delete a subgroup from a copolymer

1. Select the subpolymer to delete.
2. Press the Delete button on your keyboard or with the Erase tool.

Repeating units with repetition ranges

A sequence of ranges to specify the repetition can also be used in a special group called repeating unit with repetition ranges. For example:
Here the repetition range is '3,5-7'. The repetition count for the included structure can be: 3,5,6 or 7.

Syntax of the repetition ranges

The repetition ranges consist of ranges separated by commas. A range can be either a simple non-negative number (e.g. 3)or two non-negative numbers separated by '-' (e.g. 5-7).

To draw a repeating unit with repetition ranges

1. Draw the structure that forms or contains the repeating unit.
2. Click the Group tool on the toolbar, and select the structure.
3. In the 'Create Group' dialog window choose the type 'Repeating unit with repetition ranges' from the 'Type' list.
4. Set the repetition ranges.
5. Click OK.

Charge of the group

Four types of groups can be assigned a charge sign: generic, component, monomer and mer groups.During group creation, you have the option to display the charge on the chargedatom itself or the whole group. In the latter case, the charge will be displayedoutside of the bracket on the right. If any additional charges are added (negativeor positive) the net charge will be calculated and displayed. The charge-bearingatom can be revealed by pointing the cursor over the group (in select mode). Toreplace the charge, select the group and go to the Structure menu, Group submenu and clickEdit Group (or right-click the selected group, and select Edit Group).

How to Draw Graphic Objectsand Text Boxes

To draw a (poly)line, rectangle or text box, use the menu or the toolbar (if visible). These objectsare depicted in blue color outlines to indicate that any object here does not bear any chemical meaning like reaction arrows or S-group brackets (in black). Point the mouse to thedesired position on the canvas, click and hold the left button, move the mouseand release the button. To create a small rectangle or text box click again.

The shape of an object is changeable or resizable by dragging one of its points to do it.

After placing a text box,you can immediately use the keyboard to type a text. Symbols can be inserted directly through the Insert symbol tool, . The tool contains the list of the most commonly used symbols by default. This list will be updated according to your latest selections. Click on the relevant symbol and it will appear in the textbox. If the desired symbol is not on the list, click on More Symbols for the full character list.

To change the contents of a text box, choose mode, click on the box, then use thekeyboard.

To insert the IUPAC Name text box choose it from the menu, it will be automatically inserted under the structure. The name will be updated real-time.

How to Draw a Link atom

You can draw link atoms using the popup menu in two ways:

1. Right-click on the atom to bring up the popup menu. Select the required repetition number from the 'Link node' submenu. Marvin will find out the outer (non-repeating) bonds for you.
2. Select the atom you would like to be the link node and two neighboring bonds for outer (non-repeating) bonds. Right-click anywhere on the canvas to bring up the popup menu. Select the required repetition number from the 'Link node' submenu.

Marvin will advise you if it is not possible to create a link node for thespecified configuration (for example at ring fusions).

Outer (non-repeating) bonds will be denoted by brackets crossing them, andthe repetition numbers will be put on the atom. All portion of the moleculeconnected to the link atom through non-outer bonds are supposed to repeattogether with the atom. See examples below.

Molecule with link node

Meaning

To edit a link node repetition number or change outer bonds, repeat thedrawing steps above. To make a link atom ordinary atom again, select 'Off' fromthe 'Link node' submenu.

How to Select a Structure

1. Set Selection mode on by clicking one of the three available .
   1. To select a single atom, click on it.
   2. To select two joined atoms, click on the bond that links them.
   3. To select a rectangular region, choose Rectangle Selection, click at one corner of the desired region and drag the mouse to the opposite corner. While the mouse button is pressed down, a guide will be displayed to aid you.
   4. To select a non-rectangular region, choose Lasso Selection, press the left mouse button to start selecting, and draw the region with your mouse without releasing the mouse button. A blue guide line appears along the selection region. A pink line will connect the start and end points.
   5. To select a fragment
      • double-click on an atom or bond using Rectangle or Lasso selection,
      • or use the Structure Selection button and single-click on an atom or bond.

You can unselect all by clicking an empty area of the canvas.

How to Delete a Structure

Using the button:

1. Set Erase mode on by clicking the button.

   1. To erase a single atom or bond, click on it. The deletion of the terminal bond deletes the terminal atom by default. Pressing the Alt button while deleting the bond, the terminal atom is not deleted. To change the default behaviour, go to Edit > Preferences > Bonds tab and choose the desired Terminal Bond Deletion Method.

   2. To erase a rectangular region, click at one corner of the desired region and drag the mouse to the opposite corner. While the mouse button is pressed down, a guide will be displayed to aid you.

   3. To select a non-rectangular region, use the lasso selection function first, then press the Erase button.

Using Selection mode:

1. Select a portion of the structure.

2. Click the button or use the DELETE button on your keyboard.

Using pop-up menus:

1. Right click on an atom or bond.

2. Select from the pop-up menu.

How to Work with Structures

Visually Editing the Structure

You can edit a molecule using the methods described inHow to Draw Structures andHow to Delete a Structure.

Editing the Source

You can alter a molecule by directly editing its source in theEdit Source Window. You can view and edit the source in any of thesupported file formats. To change format, simply select the desiredone from the Menu.

To reload the molecule described by the text in this windowinto the MarvinSketch canvas (including any changes you may havemade), select . If the automatic format recognition detects a file format (checking it by a priority list), it will beoffered in the Select Import Mode field (Import as Recognized, indicating the file type in brackets).If the structure is associated to a file type of higher priority than your choice, choose the Import As option to set the file format.
For example, you want to create the seryl-asparagine dipeptide: write 'SN' in the Source, then select Import. The automatic option detects it as SMILES, but if you select the Import As option, and then the 'Peptide Sequence' from the list, it will be imported correctly.
In addition, there are some cases when the automatic recognition cannot detect the file format, even though the entered text is correct (although it is very rare). In this case the Import As Recognized option is disabled and you have to choose the format from the list of the Import As option.

Cleaning

Marvin allows you to clean your molecule in either 2D or 3D. Cleaningwill calculate new coordinates for the atoms. Generating conformers andchoosing the favored one is also supported.You can initiate cleaning via the submenu. For more information on molecule cleaning, please visitthis link.

Submenus

• Clean 2D
  • Clean in 2D: cleans the molecule(s) in 2D
  • Hydrogenize Chiral Cneter: adds an explicit hydrogen with a wedge bond to chiral centers which have no terminal atoms as substituents
  • Clean Wedge Bonds: changes wedge bonds for convention display
• Clean 3D
  • Clean in 3D: cleans the molecule(s) in 3D
  • Cleaning Method: choosing from various methods
  • Display Stored Conformers: works only if conformers of the sketched molecule had been generated with the help of the Conformer plugin, choosing the 'Store conformer information in property field' option. See details in the plugin's documentation.

Aromatic Rings

You can toggle the display of rings as aromatic using thesubmenu.

Structure Display Options

There is a wide range of functions related to the display of themolecules. These settings can be found in the andthe .Additionally, you can move, rotate, and zoom in/out on the structure.

Moving and Rotating

You can move or rotate a selected structure.

First, select the part of the structure you wish to move.

1. Moving the selection:

   1. Move the mouse pointer toward the center of the selected structure until a blue rectangle appears.
      (You can also use the Space key to change between transformation modes.)

   2. Translate the selection by dragging the mouse.

2. Rotating the selection:

   1. Move the mouse pointer toward the outline of the molecule until a blue gear appears.
      (You can also use the Space key to change between transformation modes.)

   2. Rotate the selection by dragging the mouse.

3. Rotating the selection in 3D:

   Rotation in 3D of the following structural parts is possible:
   • all compounds on the canvas,
   • selected fragments,
   • selected groups.

   The axis of the 3D rotation can be selected from the Edit->Transformation->Rotate in 3D menu or contextual menu from the following list:

   • Around an arbitrary axis defined by two atoms: in this case you are asked to select the atoms prior to the rotation.
   • Around x axis: horizontal axis in the plane of the canvas
   • Around y axis: vertical axis in the plane of the canvas
   • Around z axis: axis perpendicular to the plane of the canvas
   • Free 3D rotation: the rotation follows the movement of the mouse (click&drag).
     (Note: 3D rotation mode until version 5.3.x: pressing the Space key 3 times initiates the free 3D rotation.)
   • Group Rotate: available only for a selected group in a molecule. The connecting bond(s) is recognized between the selected and unselected parts of the structure and selects the rotation axis accordingly.

   The rotations are visualized by the fog effect: parts of the molecule behind the canvas are of lighter colour than the parts on the canvas. To see best the 3D view, use white background (View > Colors > White Background).

4. Customized tool: 3D plane:

   1. Select 3 atoms in the molecule.

   2. Click the 3D Plane button or select Edit > Transformation > 3D Plane. The selected 3 atoms will lie in the plane of the canvas. The coordinates are changed, not only the view of the structure.

• Note: currently 3D coordinates of brackets (e.g. monomer, component type groups) are not correctly updated when rotating the molecule in 3D mode. Avoid when possible.

Scaling

Set the magnification of the molecule being on the canvas by theZoom buttons. If you have a mouse with a wheel, hold down the Ctrl key, and then scroll the wheel to zoom in or out.When a molecule is loaded into the sketcher it is scaledautomatically to fit the window.

Molecule Format

You can set the display format for the molecule and screenresolution using the submenu. Available molecule formats are and .You can set the resolution to low or high via the submenu.

Colors

The submenu allows you to specify the colorscheme of the molecules. The available options are:

• Monochrome

• CPK

• Shapely - based on RasMol's shapely color scheme for nucleic and amino acids

• Group - based on PDB residue numbers

• Atom Set

Implicit/Explicit Hydrogens

Marvin has a number of options for the display of implicit andexplicit hydrogens. Because Marvin is chemically intelligent, it willautomatically add hydrogens as necessary within the structure.Generally, these will be implicit and displayed based on the optionsset in the menu.

To view all hydrogens explicitly, displayed as atoms with bonds toneighbors, chose . The will return to the previous display mode.

To view implicit hydrogens by symbol, use the menu group. This optionis disabled in Spacefill and Ball & Stick display modes.

Displaying the label of carbon atoms

Displaying the label of carbon atoms in structures is possible the following way:

• Always - Always show the atom labels of carbon atoms.
• Never - Never show the atom labels of carbon atoms.
• At straight angles and at impl. Hs - Show the atom labels of carbon atoms at straight angles and at implicit Hydrogens.

This option can be set in the tab of the box.

Error Highlighting

Marvin can not automatically correct all valence errors or any reaction errors. Instead,these errors are highlighted and you may make theappropriate corrections yourself.This option can be enabled and disabled through the box.

Marvinsketch 3d

Saving Display Options

Many of the display settings in Marvin are saved and reloaded the next time you start the program. Background color, molecule color scheme, and hydrogen visibility can be set from the and will be saved automatically when you exit the program. Other options, including look & feel, error highlighting, and object visibility can be set using the dialog window from the .

Launching Other Windows

2D and 3D Viewer Windows

Choosing orlaunches a MarvinView window containing the current molecule of MarvinSketch.

How to customize structure drawing styles

More advanced display format can be obtained for the molecule by applying format styles.Format styles in Marvin include the setting of the following attributes:

• type of atom font,
• size of atom font,
• color of atoms,
• thickness of bonds,
• color of bonds.

All these options can be collectively set using styles.To load or define styles use the menu.This menu brings up the 'Format ofthe current document' dialog in which atom and bond format options can be specified.The original attributes foratoms and bonds can be restored by using the functions of the dialog at any time.

Marvinsketch License

When loading a molecule all atoms/bonds belong to the default atom/bond setif no styles were applied previously.After selecting an atom/bond set and applying a style for it, the selected atoms/bonds areremoved from the default atom/bond set and a new set is created from the atoms/bonds with new style.All the atoms/bonds, whose style were not yet modified by selection and applying a style on them,still belong to the default atom/bond set.

Your changes might be applied for a set of atoms/bonds:

Marvinsketch Vs Chemdraw

• for the selected atom/bond set,
• for the default atom/bond set,
• for all the atoms/bonds.

The top three radio buttons specify the target of the format settings being edited in the dialog.The 'Apply changes for all the atoms/bonds' option allows loading of predefined styles or creation of custom styles using the and buttons.

Loading a style

After pressing the button, you can load a style from a combo box or browse amongst the previously definedstyle files. The chosen style will be loaded into the 'Structure Drawing Properties' in the 'Format of the current document' dialog.

Saving a style

Set the 'Structure Drawing Properties' you wish to save and press the button to get to the 'Save' dialog where you can enter the name of the style file and save the style.All your own saved files will be stored under the <HOMEDIR>/chemaxon/styles/ directory (where <HOMEDIR> is the user's homedirectory) and will be added to the combobox items.A new style file can be added to the chemaxon/marvin/styles directory under the Marvin installation directory.This new style file has to be listed in file chemaxon/marvin/styles/styleFileList.properties. The new style filewill be copied to the <HOMEDIR>/chemaxon/styles/ directory and appear in the combobox of the 'Loading of a journal style' dialog. (No existing style files under <HOMEDIR>/chemaxon/styles/ are overwritten)

Copyright © 1998-2011ChemAxon Ltd.

Throughout this section, icons appear next to features whosefunctionality that is not available in every version of MarvinSketch. The green check mark indicates that this feature is avalaible in the:

application

signed (Swing) applet

AWT applet

If no icons appear, thisfeature is available in all versions of MarvinSketch.

A new, blank molecule is created when you first launch MarvinSketch. Youcan immediately begin working with this molecule. A MarvinSketch window canhold only one molecule at a time, so all work you do within thecanvas is considered part of the same molecule. You can create new,blank molecule at any time during your session by choosing from the menu bar. This will open a newmolecule and discard any unsaved changes to the molecule you werepreviously working with.
The application allows you to work withmultiple molecules in multiple windows by choosing .

You can open existing molecule files by choosing on the menu bar. This will load your savedmolecule file into Marvin and discard any unsaved changes to the moleculeyou were previously working with.

You can also existing structures from other windows to the open molecule. Thiswill add the new structure to the currently open molecule, it doesnot create a new molecule.

Save Molecule File

You can save the molecule to any of the supported file formats.This will allow you to open and work with this molecule later. Thedefault behavior of the button is to save the molecule to the same file it was opened from,in the same format. If you want to change the file name or format,choose .If you are working with a new molecule, will function the same as .

Save Image

The choice in the menu allows you to save an image of themolecule in the sketcher. Marvin supports the following imageformats: JPEG, PNG, PPM, POVRay, and SVG. A saved image cannot beopened for later editing in Marvin.

You can print an image of the current molecule by choosing .

You can create structures using atoms, bonds, and templates.

Atoms

1. Select an atom from the little periodic table, the Periodic Table pop-up window, or by shortcut.

2. Move the mouse into the molecule canvas. You will see the symbol of the selected item at the tip of your cursor. It can be placed in the molecule by left-clicking on the desired location.

   • Marvin is chemically intelligent. It will account for implicit hydrogens and set the charge according to valence rules.

3. You can replace any atom in the molecule by placing a new atom on top of it.

Bonds

1. Select a bond type using the toolbar button or by shortcut.

2. To link two existing atoms, click on one then drag the cursor to the other.

   • Marvin will allow you to draw a bond between any two atoms in the molecule. Valence errors will be highlighted (if that option is enabled).

3. To draw a bond from a single atom, simply click the atom. A carbon atom will be added at the other end of the bond.

4. If you add a bond to empty canvas space, a carbon atom will be added to each end of the bond.

5. You can replace any bond in the molecule by placing a new bond type on top of it.

6. Bond types can also be changed using the Bond pop-up menu. Single bonds can be changed to Double or Triple by left-clicking on them.

Templates

MarvinSketch provides several predefined chemical structures,called templates (e.g., cyclopenthane, cyclohexan, benzene). Sometemplates are accessible directly from the toolbar. The remainder canbe accessed via separate pop-up windows.The full list of MarvinSketch templates is available through themenu.

1. Select a template using the Templates Menu or Templates toolbar area.

2. Place the template in the molecule by left-clicking on the desired location.

How to Draw Reactions

You can place a reaction arrow on the canvas at any time, even ona blank canvas. Reaction errors are indicated by a red box around thereaction arrow. Only one reaction is allowed per molecule.

1. Select the button. You will see the reaction arrow on the tip of the cursor when you move the mouse into the canvas area.

2. Click the location of the tail of the arrow.

3. Drag the mouse and release at the location of the head.

Once you have placed a reaction arrowon the canvas, MarvinSketch considers each part of the molecule inrelation to the reaction. All parts of the molecule that are behind the arrow are considered reactants. Everything in front of the arrowis a product. Anything placed along the arrow is considered an agent.The validity of the drawn reaction will automatically be checked by Marvin. See Reactions for more information on using and disabling this feature.

How to Map Reactions

The arrow tool provides the easiest manual way to map corresponding reactant and product atoms. Select the arrow tool, hold down the left mouse button on a reactant atom, and drag it to the corresponding product atom. The same map number is added to both atoms marking, that they represent the same atom on thetwo sides of the reaction scheme. There are also keyboard shortcuts for mapping. Type m8, for example, and click on an atom. Atom map 8 is assigned to that atom.

Marvin contains an automapper tool as well (available from the Edit/Atom Mapping/Auto Map menu) assigning map numbers to all selected atoms ofa reaction automatically.

Map numbers of the selected atoms can be removed by the Edit/Atom Mapping/Clear Map menu item, or by typing m0 for the selected atoms.

An R-groupquery describes a set of derivatives in with one query structure.Draw the root structure and place some R atoms either from the 'More' dialog,from the popup menu or by typing a corresponding label such as 'R1' on the keyboard.Draw the variable R-group ligands and select those substituting the R1 atom. If you type 'R1' now, the selected groups will be marked with 'R1'. AdditionalR-group conditions (Occurence, RestH, If-then) can be set in the R-logic dialogavailable from the Edit/Attributes menu.

You can draw curved electron flow arrows representing the transision of single electrons or electron pairs. An electron flow arrow can point froman atom or bond to an other atom or bond or even an incipient bond (bond beingformed after the electron transition).

First you have to select the arrow type (single electron or electron pair) from the submenu of the menu.Move the cursor onto a bond or an atom of the structure on the canvas, and right-click on it. It will be the source of the electron flow.Now, you should select the destination: it can be an atom, a bond or an incipient bond. Move the mouse to the destination and click on it.The result is a curved arrow between the start and the end points.
To draw an incipient bond, move the cursor on the prospective bond (an imaginary line between the two atoms).If the cursor is on this imaginary bond, two highlighted half circle will bedisplayed on the linking atoms. Right-click to anchor thehead of the arrow. Then the incipient bond becomes visible as a dashed line.

Edit arrow properties

You can change the curve of an anchored arrow.Push button on the Toolbar to switch selection mode then drag the middle of the curved electron flow arrow to changethe curve radius.If you righ-click on the arrow, a popup menu will be displayed. The menu displays a dialog for fine tuning the properties of the arrow.

To draw a (poly)line, rectangle or text box, use the menu. Point the mouse to thedesired position on the canvas, click and hold the left button, move the mouse and release the button. After placing a text box,you can immediatelly use the keyboard to type a text.

To change the contents of a text box, choose mode, click on the box, then use the keyboard.

The shape of an object is changeable or resizeable by dragging one of its points to do it.

1. Set Selection mode on by clicking the button.

   1. To select a single atom, click on it.

   2. To select two joined atoms, click on the bond that links them.

   3. To select a rectangular region, click at one corner of the desired region and drag the mouse to the opposite corner. While the mouse button is pressed down, a guide will be displayed to aid you.

   4. To select a non-rectangular region, use the lasso select function.

      1. Click anywhere on the canvas and release the mouse button.

      2. Draw the region with your mouse (leaving all mouse buttons unpressed). A blue guide line will appear where you have drawn. A pink line will connect the start and end points.

      3. When you have finished drawing the region, click the mouse. In the event that you have not closed the region, the pink line will be used to close it for you.

You can unselect all by clicking an empty area of the canvas.

Using the button:

1. Set Erase mode on by clicking the button.

   1. To erase a single atom or bond, click on it.

   2. To erase a rectangular region, click at one corner of the desired region and drag the mouse to the opposite corner. While the mouse button is pressed down, a guide will be displayed to aid you.

   3. To select a non-rectangular region, use the lasso erase function.

      1. Click anywhere on the canvas and release the mouse button.

      2. Draw the region with your mouse (leaving all mouse buttons unpressed). A blue guide line will appear where you have drawn. A pink line will connect the start and end points.

      3. When you have finished drawing the region, click the mouse. In the event that you have not closed the region, the pink line will be used to close it for you.

Using Selection mode:

1. Select a portion of the structure.

2. Click the button or use the DELETE button on your keyboard.

Using pop-up menus:

1. Right click on an atom or bond.

2. Select from the pop-up menu.

Visually Editing the Structure

You can edit a molecule using the methods described in How to draw structures and Howto delete a structure.

Editing the Source

You can alter a molecule by directly editing its source in theEdit Source Window. You can view and edit the source in any of thesupported file formats. To change format, simply select the desiredone from the Menu. To reload the molecule described by the text in this windowinto the MarvinSketch canvas (including any changes you may havemade), select . This will close the Edit Source Window.

Cleaning

Marvin allows you to clean your molecule in either 2D or 3D. Cleaningwill calculate new coordinates for the atoms. Generating conformers and choosing the favored one is also supported (in the Swing version).You can initiate cleaning via the submenu.

Aromatic Rings

You can toggle the display of rings as aromatic using the submenu.

There is a wide range of functions related to the display of themolecules. These settings can be found in the and the . Additionally, you can move, rotate, and zoom in/out on thestructure.

Moving and Rotating

You can move or rotate a selected structure.

1. Select the part of the structure you wish to move.

   1. Moving the selection:

      1. Move the mouse pointer toward the center of the selected structure until a blue rectangle appears.

      2. Translate the selection by dragging the mouse.

   2. Rotating the selection:

      1. Move the mouse pointer toward the 'edge' until a blue gear appears.

      2. Rotate the selection by dragging the mouse.

Scaling

You can set the magnification of the molecule on the Canvasby the Zoom buttons.When a molecule is loaded into the sketcher it is scaledautomatically to fit the window.

For more information, see Structure Display Options common to MarvinSketch and MarvinView.

2D and 3D Viewer Windows

Choosing orlaunches a MarvinView window containing the current molecule from the Sketcher.

Sketcher Window

When working with applets within a web page, it may be helpful to view your work in a MarvinSketch window outside of the html.
To open your work in a separate Sketch window from the Swing and signed applets, choose .
To open your work in a separate Sketch window from the AWT applet, select the (up arrow) button.

MarvinSketch supports transfer of data between Marvin and other chemical drawing applications, between multiple Marvin windows, and to/from the desktop and file manager.
See Cut/Copy/Paste and Drag & Drop Functionality for more information.

The table below contains a list of available shortcuts inMarvinSketch.

Keyboard shortcut	Function
CTR+A	Select all
CTR+C	Copy
CTR+X	Cut
CTR+V	Paste
CTR+Y	Redo
CTR+Z, ALT+BACKSPACE	Undo
CTR+L	Copy as SMILES
CTR+O	File open (if available)
CTR+S	Save to file (if available)
CTR+Shift+S	Save as... (if available)
CTR+P	Print (if available)
CTR+M	Display Periodic Table (More window)
CTR+N	Create a new window
CTR+W	Close current window
CTR+Q	Exit from the application
CTR+F	Select conformer
CTR+2	Clean in 2D
CTR+3	Clean in 3D
-	Negative charge
+	Positive charge
1	Single bond
2	Double bond
3	Triple bond
4	Aromatic bond
12	Single or double bond
14	Single or aromatic bond
24	Double or aromatic bond
0	Any bond
*	Any atom
Q	Hetero atom
C, N, H, ...	carbon, nitrogen or hydrogen atom. For the other elements, type the mark of the element, e.g.: Cl for Chlorine
R1, R2, ...	R-group label with specified number. To define a set of fragments as R-group, select the fragments before the shortcut. To create an attachment point in the R-group, select an atom in the R-group and type the name of the R-group (e.g.: R5)
M1, M2, ...	Atom map labels
M0	Unmap
M= or M+	Unique atom map labels. Assigns unique atom map numbers to individual atoms picked by the mouse or to selected atoms in selection mode.
11, 22, ..., 77	Select a template. Select first, second, ..., or 7th element from the actual template list from the toolbar (if the referred index is not out of range).
AcAc, Acm, Ade, ...	The abbreviated group denoted by the abbreviation

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